معرفت فلسفی

Using the "conceptual analysis" method, i.e. interpretation and conceptual development, this research explores three different interpretations of the concept of "being" in the philosophy of Karl Jaspers. The analysis is based on distinguishing two specific periods in his philosophical evolution: the first phase is his existentialism, and the second phase is when he distanced himself from this term referring to his philosophy as the "philosophy of reason." In this phase, Jaspers introduced two key ideas: The belief that human beings can reach a deeper understanding of existence by successfully navigating life's boundary situations (such as death, solitude, suffering, and guilt-feeling). Emphasis on the importance of deep and existential communication between humans (including empathy, mutual understanding, and authentic respect for one another) as a means of discovering the meaning of existence. In the second phase, Jaspers shifted his perspective and focused on the role of reason and intellect in understanding existence. In other words, he believed that through the use of reason and logic, humans can gain a deeper insight into existence and their place in it. This understanding, according to Jaspers, could lead to greater contentment and happiness.