معرفت فلسفی

After adopting a fundamental approach in epistemology, one important issue is to explain why basic and self-evident propositions are true. From among self-evident propositions, the first (analytical) theorems are of special importance. Referring to many problems and contrary to the approach attributed to the early philosophers, Allameh Misbah Yazdi does not embrace the possibility that first theorems should imitate the external instances and instead seeks for their referents in the relations between concepts in the mind. Despite mind's intuitive dominance over relations between the concepts in the first theorems and the fact that its explanation for the criterion of the truth of first theorems is provided through reference to the present knowledge, this theory still faces an important question. Assuming that first theorems indicate the relation between the concepts in the mind, how can these mental correlations be considered as a criterion for the identity of instances outside? How can we leave out mind's structure and intervention in the process of establishing such relations? How can we be sure that if our mind were created otherwise or if a different structure was defined for it like the artificial intelligence, it would not consider other propositions as first theorems? It goes without saying that the lack of a proper answer to the above question leads to relativism in the foundations of human knowledge and then to relativism in all sciences. In their article and through a descriptive method, the authors intend to first explain the foundation of Allameh Misbah Yazdi on how concepts express something and then their difference from how artificial intelligence data signify things. They then provide an appropriate answer to the aforementioned question through the analytical method.