Ma`rifat Falsafi

Among the most important theoretical foundations of art are epistemological principles, which lead to differences in these theories. Paying attention to these foundations results in a deeper understanding of the nature of art, its functions, and its relationship with truth, beauty, and human experience in art. One of the most profound and comprehensive philosophical systems that can provide a framework for the analysis of art is Transcendent Theosophy (Hikmat-u al-Muta’aliyyah). This paper has attempted to examine the epistemological foundations involved in the Islamic art theorization using an ‘analytical-descriptive’ method and by referring to library studies. Based on Transcendent Theosophy, multiple mental faculties (such as sense, imagination, fantasy, and intellect) are involved in the perception and creation of works of art, with the faculty of ‘connected imagination’ (khayal-e muttasil) playing the most significant role and being considered the primary element in artistic creativity. By observing forms from the imaginal world (alam al-mithal), imagination provides the groundwork for the creation of works of art. On the other hand, the absence of epistemological relativism in this view paves the way for valuing and determining specific artistic criteria. Transcendent Theosophy considers art to be both realistic and a blend of representation, expressionism, emotionalism, symbolism, invention, and formalism, all aimed at human growth. It has thus presented all of these within a cohesive system called the ‘Mirror Theory of Art’ (Nazariyeh-ye Mir’ati-ye Honar).