Ma`rifat Falsafi, Volume 8, Issue 2, No 30, Year 2011, Pages 169-201

    A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece

    Article Type: 
    Research
    Writers:
    Mohammad hosein Talebi / Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Howzah and University / mhtalebi@rihu.ac.ir
    169-201 2011/01/01 2011/02/28 2011/01/24
    Abstract: 
    Scholars of the first period of the ancient Greece used to consider natural law as a universal, eternal, and unique law. It was taken to be the most basic source for deciding about the best criteria for human life. Epistemological problems of the Sophists left a lasting effect on the philosophical ideas of the next generations which led to a debate about the credibility of natural law. Greek philosophers who believed in rational judgments as firm basis for human knowledge defended natural law phenomenon, and Stoics, who had a great role in the development of the debate over natural law, interpreted it as “living according to nature”. The present article has a critical approach to the idea of natural law as depicted in Ancient Greece. The critiques are divided into two categories: a) general critiques which include all ancient Greek philosophers such as: the conceptual ambiguity, uncertainty in the instances, and doubt about the term “natural law” in that period; b) Specific critiques which targets individual thinkers.
    Keywords: 
    natural law
    Critique of Natural Law
    practical philosophy
    Pre-Socrates
    Sophists
    Ancient Greek Philosophers
    Stoics.
    چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
    Title :بازخوانى انتقادى آموزه قانون طبیعى در حکمت عملى یونان باستان
    Abstract: 
    دانشمندان دوره اوّل یونان باستان قانون طبیعى را قانونى جهان‏شمول، ازلى، و بى‏همتا مى‏دانستند و از آن به عنوان بنیادى‏ترین منبع براى اخذ بهترین معیارهاى زندگى بشر یاد مى‏کردند. مشکلات معرفت‏شناسانه نسل اوّل سوفسطاییان تأثیرى عمیق در آراى فلسفى نسل‏هاى بعدى این نحله گذاشت؛ به طورى که در میان آنان، بر سر مسئله اعتبار قانون طبیعى اختلاف‏نظر پیش آمد. فیلسوفان یونانى که احکام عقل را پایه‏اى ثابت براى معرفت بشر مى‏دانستند، از سرسخت‏ترین حامیان قانون طبیعى در دوره یونان باستان به شمار مى‏آیند. رواقیان که نقش مهمّى در توسعه بحث قانون طبیعى داشتند، مفاد آن را «زیستن بر طبق طبیعت» مى‏دانستند. نوشتار حاضر به بیان انتقاداتى خواهد پرداخت که بر آموزه «قانون طبیعى» در دوره یونان باستان وارد است. این انتقادات در دو دسته جداگانه بیان مى‏شوند: 1) انتقاداتى که در مسئله قانون طبیعى، به طور مشترک، بر همه اندیشمندان دوره یونان باستان وارد است: ابهام مفهومى قانون طبیعى، ابهام مصداقى آن و نیز ابهام در وجه تسمیه آن در حکمت عملى یونان باستان؛ 2) انتقادات نه‏گانه‏اى که به طور مجزّا، به محتواى فکرى برخى از این دانشمندان مربوط است. این گزاره‏ها با عنوان «انتقادات مختص» بیان مى‏شوند.
    Keywords: 
    سوفسطاییان
    قانون طبیعى
    نقد قانون طبیعى
    حکمت عملى
    پیش‏سقراطیان
    فیلسوفان یونان باستان
    رواقیان.
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    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Talebi, Mohammad hosein. (2011) A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece. Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8(2), 169-201

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Mohammad hosein Talebi."A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece". Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8, 2, 2011, 169-201

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Talebi, M.(2011) 'A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece', Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8(2), pp. 169-201

    APA | MLA | HARVARD | VANCOUVER

    Talebi, M. A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece. Ma`rifat Falsafi, 2011; 8(2): 169-201