Ma`rifat Falsafi, Volume 8, Issue 2, No 30, Year 2025 , Pages 169-201
A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece
Article Type:
Research
Writers:
Mohammad hosein Talebi
/ Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Howzah and University / mhtalebi@rihu.ac.ir
/ Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Howzah and University / mhtalebi@rihu.ac.irAbstract:
Scholars of the first period of the ancient Greece used to consider natural law as a universal, eternal, and unique law. It was taken to be the most basic source for deciding about the best criteria for human life. Epistemological problems of the Sophists left a lasting effect on the philosophical ideas of the next generations which led to a debate about the credibility of natural law. Greek philosophers who believed in rational judgments as firm basis for human knowledge defended natural law phenomenon, and Stoics, who had a great role in the development of the debate over natural law, interpreted it as “living according to nature”.
The present article has a critical approach to the idea of natural law as depicted in Ancient Greece. The critiques are divided into two categories: a) general critiques which include all ancient Greek philosophers such as: the conceptual ambiguity, uncertainty in the instances, and doubt about the term “natural law” in that period; b) Specific critiques which targets individual thinkers.
چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
Title :بازخوانى انتقادى آموزه قانون طبیعى در حکمت عملى یونان باستان
Abstract:
دانشمندان دوره اوّل یونان باستان قانون طبیعى را قانونى جهانشمول، ازلى، و بىهمتا مىدانستند و از آن به عنوان بنیادىترین منبع براى اخذ بهترین معیارهاى زندگى بشر یاد مىکردند. مشکلات معرفتشناسانه نسل اوّل سوفسطاییان تأثیرى عمیق در آراى فلسفى نسلهاى بعدى این نحله گذاشت؛ به طورى که در میان آنان، بر سر مسئله اعتبار قانون طبیعى اختلافنظر پیش آمد. فیلسوفان یونانى که احکام عقل را پایهاى ثابت براى معرفت بشر مىدانستند، از سرسختترین حامیان قانون طبیعى در دوره یونان باستان به شمار مىآیند. رواقیان که نقش مهمّى در توسعه بحث قانون طبیعى داشتند، مفاد آن را «زیستن بر طبق طبیعت» مىدانستند. نوشتار حاضر به بیان انتقاداتى خواهد پرداخت که بر آموزه «قانون طبیعى» در دوره یونان باستان وارد است. این انتقادات در دو دسته جداگانه بیان مىشوند: 1) انتقاداتى که در مسئله قانون طبیعى، به طور مشترک، بر همه اندیشمندان دوره یونان باستان وارد است: ابهام مفهومى قانون طبیعى، ابهام مصداقى آن و نیز ابهام در وجه تسمیه آن در حکمت عملى یونان باستان؛ 2) انتقادات نهگانهاى که به طور مجزّا، به محتواى فکرى برخى از این دانشمندان مربوط است. این گزارهها با عنوان «انتقادات مختص» بیان مىشوند.
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Talebi, Mohammad hosein.(2025) A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece. Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8(2), 169-201
Mohammad hosein Talebi."A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece". Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8, 2, 2025, 169-201
Talebi, M.(2025) 'A Critical Review of Natural Law in the Practical Philosophy of the Ancient Greece', Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8(2), pp. 169-201
