Allamah Tabataba’i considers ethical imperatives as conventionals which are human constructs for making an action obligatory. As for ethical evaluative concepts such as good and bad, he has two ideas, suggested in his different works: A) good and bad are conventional concepts conveying the appropriateness of an action with one’s temper or otherwise. Since people’s tempers differ, good and bad also can differ from one person to another. B) Good and bad shows the congruence or incongruence of an action with favorable end.
The authors in this article suggest that the second meaning shows that Allamah considers the concepts of good and bad to be secondary intelligibles, although he has not made it explicit. They think that it is important to draw the line between the two meanings in Allamah; a point which is ignored by others. The authors try to do this by juxtaposing Allamah’s ideas from his treatise on conventionals and those in his Qur’anic exegesis, Al-Mizān to show the difference between his view and that of relativists and agnosticists.
علّامه طباطبائى گاه باید و نباید را از امورى اعتبارى مىداند که انسان آن را بین خود و فعلش جعل مىکند تا فعل ضرورت یابد. درباره معناى حسن و قبح هم ایشان دو نظر دارد: 1) حسن و قبح را امرى اعتبارى، و عبارت از ملایمت و منافرت با طبع انسان دانسته است، و از آنجا که انسانها در طبع با هم متفاوتاند، حسن و قبح را از امور نسبى شمرده است؛ 2) حسن و قبح را عبارت از ملایمت و منافرت فعل با غایت مطلوب دانسته است. معناى دوم علّامه از حسن و قبح ما را به این نکته رهنمون مىسازد که ایشان حسن و قبح را در این معنا معقول ثانى فلسفى مىداند؛ اگرچه به آن تصریح نمىکند. مهم تفکیک این دو معنا از یکدیگر است، کارى که هیچکدام از شارحان علّامه به آن نپرداختهاند. نگارنده در این مقاله کوشیده است با نگاهى تطبیقى به رساله اعتباریات و مباحث تفسیر المیزان دیدگاه علّامه را واکاوى، و تفاوت نظریه او را از دیدگاه نسبىگرایان و شکّاکان آشکار کند.
Torkashvand, Ehsan, Mirsepah, Akbar. (2026) A New Interpretation of Allāmah Tabātabā’i’s “Conventionals” (I’tibāryāt) by Comparing his Treatise on Conventionals with Al-Mīzān. Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8(1), 25-54
Ehsan Torkashvand; Akbar Mirsepah."A New Interpretation of Allāmah Tabātabā’i’s “Conventionals” (I’tibāryāt) by Comparing his Treatise on Conventionals with Al-Mīzān". Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8, 1, 2026, 25-54
Torkashvand, E, Mirsepah, A.(2026) 'A New Interpretation of Allāmah Tabātabā’i’s “Conventionals” (I’tibāryāt) by Comparing his Treatise on Conventionals with Al-Mīzān', Ma`rifat Falsafi, 8(1), pp. 25-54
Torkashvand, E, Mirsepah, A. A New Interpretation of Allāmah Tabātabā’i’s “Conventionals” (I’tibāryāt) by Comparing his Treatise on Conventionals with Al-Mīzān. Ma`rifat Falsafi, 2026; 8(1): 25-54