Ma`rifat Falsafi, Volume 7, Issue 5, No 28, Year 2025 , Pages 107-129
Experience and the Difference between A Priori and A Posteriori Knowledge
Article Type:
Research
Writers:
Abstract:
Despite all the disagreements about the definition of A priori knowledge, all philosophers seem to agree on the major role “experience” plays in its difference with A posteriori knowledge, and the idea that the degree of this role in the justification of knowledge is the basis for such a division. Obviously, to determine the limits of experience is essential for explaining such distinction. There is also a question to be answered as to whether it is possible to have both a priori and a posteriori knowledge of one proposition. In other words, whether being a priori or a posteriori is rooted in the proposition itself, or external elements determine the suitable source of justification? It is held by most of the contemporary epistemologists that there is no contradiction involved in having both a priori and a posteriori knowledge of one proposition.
The author in this article tries to first explain the meaning of experience, and secondly, to argue that the root of the distinction between the two types of knowledge is in the propositions themselves, and it is impossible to have both kinds of knowledge of one proposition.
چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
Title :تجربه و تمایز میان معرفت پیشین و پسین
Abstract:
به نظر مىرسد، علىرغم تنوّع تعاریف معرفت پیشین، همگان بر این اتفاق دارند که در تمایز میان معرفت پیشین و پسین، نقش اصلى را مفهوم «تجربه» ایفا مىکند و آنچه معرفت را به دو بخش تجربى و غیرتجربى یا پیشین و پسین تقسیم مىکند، میزان نقش تجربه در توجیه آن است. بالطبع تعیین حدود تجربه براى روشن ساختن این تمایز کارى اساسى است. از سوى دیگر این سؤال نیز مطرح است که: آیا مىتوان به یک قضیه، هم معرفت پیشین و هم معرفت پسین داشت؟ به عبارت دیگر، پیشین یا پسین بودن معرفت به یک قضیه، ریشه در خود قضیه دارد یا اینکه تعیین منبع توجیه، بر عوامل بیرونى مبتنى است؟ در میان معرفتشناسان معاصر، این نظریه رایج شده است که معرفت پیشین به یک قضیه با معرفت پسین به همان قضیه تنافى ندارد. در این مقاله، قصد من آن است که اولاً معناى تجربه را روشن سازم؛ ثانیا اثبات کنم که ریشه تمایز میان دو قسم معرفتْ خود قضیه است. به عبارت دیگر، معرفت پیشین و پسین به قضیه واحد، ممکن نیست.
References:
- - Bonjour, L., The Structure of Empirical Knowledge, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1985.
- - Casullo, Albert, A Priori Justification, New York, Oxford University Press, 2003.
- - Field, Hartry, "A priority as an Evaluative Notion", in New Essays on the A Priori, ed. Paul Boghossian, New York, Oxford University Press, 2000.
- - Gettier, Edmund, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" Analysis32, 1963, p. 121-123.
- - Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, translated and ed. by Paul Guyer & Allen W. Wood, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
- - Keline, Peter D., "A Proposed Definition of Propositional Knowledge", in Knowledge and Justification, ed. Ernest Sosa, Vermont: Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1994.
- - Kitcher, Philip, The Nature of Mathematical Knowledge, New York, Oxford University Press, 1984.
- - Kripke, A., "A Prori Knowledge, Necessity, and Contingency", in A Priori Knowledge, ed. Paul Moser, New York, Oxford University Press, 1987.
- - Lewis, David, On the Plurality of Worlds, Malden, Blackwell, 2005.
- - Moser, Paul, "Propositional Knowledge", in Knowledge and Justification, ed. Ernest Sosa, Vermont, Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1994.
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Taheri Khorramabadi, Sayed Ali.(2025) Experience and the Difference between A Priori and A Posteriori Knowledge. Ma`rifat Falsafi, 7(5), 107-129
Sayed Ali Taheri Khorramabadi."Experience and the Difference between A Priori and A Posteriori Knowledge". Ma`rifat Falsafi, 7, 5, 2025, 107-129
Taheri Khorramabadi, S.(2025) 'Experience and the Difference between A Priori and A Posteriori Knowledge', Ma`rifat Falsafi, 7(5), pp. 107-129
