معرفت فلسفی

The present study aims to articulate the components of adolescents’ personal philosophy development grounded in the framework of philosophical counseling. Philosophical counseling is an approach that, by utilizing Socratic dialogue, critical reflection, self-awareness, meaning-making, and philosophical skills, fosters enhanced self-knowledge and supports the formation of a coherent worldview in adolescents. Drawing upon philosophical sources, this approach prioritizes deep questioning and autonomous thinking over prescriptive advice, thus creating a space for self-discovery—particularly crucial during the formative period of identity development. The theoretical foundations of the model are informed by the philosophical perspectives of Socrates, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Heidegger, Vygotsky, Lipman, and Marinoff, all of whom emphasize self-awareness, critical thinking, and responsibility. Findings suggest that the proposed model comprises the following interrelated components: Socratic dialogue, critical reflection, self-knowledge, meaning-making, philosophical skill-building, and a safe, non-judgmental environment. These components contribute to the development of a personal philosophy through practices such as abstract concept analysis and philosophical journaling. Effective implementation of this model requires training counselors in philosophical methods and designing programs that align with adolescents' interests. As an educational and counseling tool, this approach holds potential for enhancing adolescents’ critical thinking and identity formation, equipping them to better face contemporary life challenges.