Ma`rifat Falsafi

Nowadays, the importance of the human sciences in addressing the needs of individuals and human societies has become more evident than ever. The human sciences can be categorized into two types: descriptive human sciences and prescriptive ones. According to the preferred definition, the objective of descriptive humanities is to describe, explain, and interpret human phenomena, whereas the objective of prescriptive (or normative) humanities is to transform, reform, and provide direction for such phenomena. Among the philosophical foundations influencing the objectives of the human sciences is the view of creatures -including the human being- as ‘ayn al-rabṭ (purely dependent). While this philosophical outlook shapes theological foundations such as the demonstration of God, the demonstration of the Absolute Perfect, unification in creation (tawḥīd fi al-khāliqiyyat), unification in ownership (tawḥīd fi al-mālikiyyat), lordship (rubūbiyyat), and unification of divine acts (tawḥīd-i af‘ālī), it also plays an effective role in the explanation and interpretation of human phenomena- as the goal of the descriptive human sciences, as well as in directing human act, passivity, and social phenomena- as the goal of the prescriptive human sciences. This philosophical doctrine is the origin of the monotheistic ethical school, while the basis for rights in Law (ḥuqūq) and the legitimacy of governance in politics are also influenced by this philosophical teaching. In this paper, using an analytical-argumentative method and library-based information gathering, the role of this philosophical perspective in the objectives of the Islamic humanities is examined.