Ma`rifat Falsafi

Nietzsche's views have left a significant impact on various fields of contemporary knowledge and have influenced modern Western thought. The most fundamental issue Nietzsche saw facing the Western world in his time was a profound cultural and political crisis, for which he proposed solutions rooted in two central questions: that of anthropology and that of theology. Through the present inquiry, which employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine Nietzsche's anthropology according to Shahid Motahhari, it becomes evident that Nietzsche believes in three types of transformation in the field of anthropology: a) the camel-like nature of man; b) the lion-like nature of man; and c) the child-like nature of man. In his view, man is the sickest, most indecisive, most fickle, and the most unstable of animals. The true value of man comes from his strength, and his spirit is born from his body. The most important element in Nietzsche’s anthropology is the concept of the 'Übermensch' (superhuman), who, in the pursuit of power, tramples upon all human values. Nietzsche's anthropology is grounded in his philosophical system in the fields of epistemology, ontology, and theology. Therefore, the critique of his anthropological views can only be accomplished through a critique of his underlying principles, which, at the conclusion of this paper, will be briefly assessed with reference to the ideas of Shahid Motahhari.