Ma`rifat Falsafi

Logic is one of the significant sources for understanding facts. In addition to their formal function, categories and concepts dealt with in logic can prepare a good foundation and framework towards better understanding of facts based on their hermeneutic role. Resting on two concepts of classic logic i. e. the universal and the whole, the present article seeks to reach an understanding of the history of philosophy. In other words, it is an attempt to investigate the history of philosophy based on the two approaches of holism and universalism. Taking special limitations of such a research into account, the present article claims that it is possible to reach an acceptable understanding of the features of history of philosophy based on these two approaches. The article also points to the differences of the two approaches of holism and universalism on such issues as the nature of philosophy, history of philosophy, knowledge, theology, and cognition.