Non-Necessity of the Ultimate Cause in Origination of Possible Beings With an Emphasis on Master Fayyazi's Views

Sayyid Ali Fayyaz / PhD Student in Imam Khomeini Higher Education Complex    s.alifaiaz@gmail.com
* Sayyid Ahmad Ghaffari Qarabagh / Assistant Professor in the Research Institute of Iran's 
Philosophy and Theosophy    ghaffari@irip.ac.ir
Received: 2021/01/25 - Accepted: 2021/09/23

ABSTRACT
Regarding the necessity or non-necessity of the ultimate cause, there are two views: the first view is that in generation of the material beings, the existence of the four types of causes is necessary; and in generation of immaterial beings, just the existence of agentive and ultimate cause is sufficient. The second view, while distinguishes the aware and unaware agents, just considers the existence of ultimate cause in the action of the aware agent as necessary. Thus, the existence of the ultimate cause is not necessary in generation of possible beings; rather, the existence of material, formal and agentive causes are necessary for generation of material beings, and the presence of the agentive cause is enough in generation of immaterial beings. Since the right worldview is based on proving the cause and effect relationship, it is necessary to discuss the causality. Discussing the necessity and non-necessity of the causes and the ultimate cause for the effect is one of related discussion on causality.
The present article explains the two aforementioned views, and investigates and reviews the arguments of the two parties to conclude that the third view, i.e. non-necessity of the ultimate cause, is right. In this study, we have used the descriptive-analytical method.
KEY WORDS: cause, end, ultimate cause, effect, necessity, possible beings, Fayyazi.